https://ukinstitute.org/journals/1/makein <div id="tab-home" class="tab-pane active"> <div id="journalDescription"> <div id="journalDescription"> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia (MAKEIN) </strong>with registered ISSN <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2745-6498" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2745-6498</a> (Print) and ISSN <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2745-8008" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2745-8008</a> (online), is an interdisciplinary <span class="st">journal that </span>publishes <span class="st">material on </span>all aspects of public health science. MAKEIN provides the ideal platform for the discussion of more sophisticated public health research and practice for authors and readers worldwide, the priorities are originality and excellence. The journal welcomes high-impact articles on emerging public health science that covers (but is not limited) to nursing and midwifery, family health, infectious diseases, health services research, gerontology, child and adolescent health, health promotion, evaluation and intervention, public health policy and management, health economics.<br />Manuscripts must be composed in proficient English, whether using UK or US spelling, and should be coherent, well-structured, and succinct. <strong>We assume that all authors submitting manuscripts to this journal have understood the submission and publication processes in scientific journals. If you are a student, we recommend coordinating with your supervisor.</strong></p> <p class="p1">Starting from the year 2025, the Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia is published quarterly, with issues released in January, April, July, and October.</p> </div> </div> </div> Utan Kayu Publishing en-US Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia 2745-6498 <p>Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia (MAKEIN) adopts the following policies regarding the publication of research data:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Copyright Ownership</strong>: Authors retain copyright over the datasets they submit or make available in connection with their articles.</li> <li><strong>Default License</strong>: All data associated with a published manuscript must be shared under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)</a>, unless otherwise agreed upon with the editor.</li> <li><strong>Permitted Use</strong>: This license allows others to use, modify, and distribute the dataset (including for commercial purposes), provided that attribution is given to the original authors and that derivative works are shared under the same terms.</li> <li><strong>Repository Requirements</strong>: Authors are required to deposit their datasets in recognized open-access repositories (e.g., OSF, Zenodo, Figshare) and include citations and links to the datasets in the article.</li> <li><strong>Ethical and Legal Responsibility</strong>: Authors must ensure: <ul> <li>The data shared do not breach confidentiality, privacy, or legal agreements.</li> <li>Informed consent has been obtained where necessary.</li> <li>Data have been properly anonymized where applicable.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Alternate Licenses</strong>: In exceptional cases, alternative data licenses (e.g., CC0, Open Data Commons) may be considered upon editorial approval. A written justification must be submitted and published alongside the article.</li> <li><strong>Corrections or Retractions</strong>: If issues related to published data arise (e.g., ethical breaches, significant errors), MAKEIN reserves the right to take corrective action in accordance with the COPE Retraction Guidelines. Please read our policy about <a href="https://ukinstitute.org/journals/1/makein/ethics#corrections" target="_blank" rel="noopener">retraction of articles</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a><br /><a href="https://ukinstitute.org/journals/1/makein" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia (MAKEIN)</a> is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p> https://ukinstitute.org/journals/1/makein/article/view/324 <p>Family caregivers play a central role in home-based geriatric care, especially in settings where institutional long-term care remains limited. However, caregiver capacity may vary according to socio-demographic, relational, and service-related factors. This study aimed to identify factors associated with family caregivers’ knowledge and attitudes toward home-based geriatric care in a primary healthcare context. A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from September to December 2025 in two Puskesmas working areas in Batam City, Indonesia. A total of 326 family caregivers were recruited using proportional sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using univariate analysis, Chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Most caregivers had low knowledge (86.5%) and negative attitudes (61.0%) despite reporting high communication patterns and positive perceptions of healthcare facility quality. Bivariate analysis showed that economic status, caregiving duration, communication pattern, and perceived quality of healthcare facilities were significantly associated with knowledge, whereas economic status, communication pattern, and perceived quality of healthcare facilities were associated with attitudes. In the multivariate model, only caregiving duration (AOR = 15.790; p &lt; 0.001) and communication pattern (AOR = 0.157; p = 0.013) remained independently associated with caregiver knowledge. No independent predictors were identified for attitudes. These findings indicate that caregiver knowledge was more strongly associated with experiential and relational factors, particularly caregiving duration and family communication. Structured, family-centered, and nurse-led interventions in primary healthcare may help strengthen caregiver preparedness in home-based geriatric care.</p> <p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Caregiver keluarga memainkan peran sentral dalam perawatan geriatri berbasis rumah, terutama di lingkungan yang layanan perawatan jangka panjang institusionalnya masih terbatas. Namun, kapasitas caregiver dapat bervariasi menurut faktor sosiodemografis, relasional, dan faktor terkait layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pengetahuan dan sikap caregiver keluarga terhadap perawatan geriatri berbasis rumah dalam konteks pelayanan kesehatan primer. Penelitian kuantitatif analitik dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan dari September hingga Desember 2025 di dua wilayah kerja Puskesmas di Kota Batam, Indonesia. Sebanyak 326 caregiver keluarga direkrut menggunakan proportional sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat, uji Chi-square, dan regresi logistik multivariat. Sebagian besar caregiver memiliki pengetahuan rendah (86,5%) dan sikap negatif (61,0%) meskipun melaporkan pola komunikasi yang tinggi dan persepsi positif terhadap kualitas fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa status ekonomi, lama merawat, pola komunikasi, dan persepsi terhadap kualitas fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pengetahuan, sedangkan status ekonomi, pola komunikasi, dan persepsi terhadap kualitas fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan berhubungan dengan sikap. Pada model multivariat, hanya lama merawat (AOR = 15,790; p &lt; 0,001) dan pola komunikasi (AOR = 0,157; p = 0,013) yang tetap berhubungan secara independen dengan pengetahuan caregiver. Tidak ditemukan prediktor independen untuk sikap. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan caregiver lebih kuat berhubungan dengan faktor pengalaman dan relasional, khususnya lama merawat dan komunikasi keluarga. Intervensi yang terstruktur, berpusat pada keluarga, dan dipimpin oleh perawat di pelayanan kesehatan primer berpotensi membantu memperkuat kesiapan caregiver dalam perawatan geriatri berbasis rumah.</p> Savitri Gemini Nur Indrawati Lipoeto Rizanda Machmud Arina Widya Murni Copyright (c) 2026 Ns.Savitri Gemini, M.Kep, Prof. dr. Nur Indrawati Lipoeto, M.Sc., PhD., SpGK, Prof. Dr. dr. Rizanda Machmud, M.Kes., FISPH., FISCM, Sp.KKLP Subsp.FOMC, Dr.dr.Hj.Arina Widya Murni, Sp.PD-Kpsi FINASIM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2026-05-06 2026-05-06 7 3 109–120 109–120 10.47679/makein.2026324 https://ukinstitute.org/journals/1/makein/article/view/303 <p>This study aims to investigate the structural barriers to accessing gender affirmation surgery (GAS) and evaluate the resulting impact on the mental health of transgender individuals in Pakistan. Conducted through a cross-sectional survey from January to March 2025, the study engaged 500 transgender individuals across five major Pakistani cities: Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, and Quetta. Data were gathered via a structured questionnaire encompassing demographics, healthcare barriers, and mental health metrics. Mental health indicators, including depression (42%), anxiety (38%), and PTSD (21%), were documented based on participant self-report of formal clinical diagnoses received prior to the study. The results reveal a stark reality: only 9% (n=45) of respondents had successfully undergone full GAS, while a substantial majority (61%, n=305) expressed a strong desire for the procedure but faced insurmountable obstacles. The most prominent barriers identified were the prohibitive high cost (73%) and a critical lack of specialized surgeons (56%). A mental health crisis is evident, with 74% of participants reporting regular symptoms of distress. A statistically significant association was established between the desire for surgery and heightened mental distress (x² = 17.94, df = 1, p &lt; 0.001), with a Cramer’s V of 0.19, indicating a moderate effect size. This research highlights a systemic failure at the intersection of healthcare, socio-legal policy, and mental health support, calling for urgent reforms such as financial subsidies and the integration of transgender health into medical education.</p> Sana Abbas Usman Saqib Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Sana Abbas, Dr. Usman Saqib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2026-05-20 2026-05-20 7 3 121–130 121–130 10.47679/makein.2026303 https://ukinstitute.org/journals/1/makein/article/view/321 <p>Gout arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease caused by uric acid crystal deposition, leading to pain, particularly in the lower extremities, and potentially interfering with daily activities and reducing patients’ quality of life. The condition highlights the need for safe, affordable, and accessible non-pharmacological therapies to support pain management in community settings. This study aimed to analyze changes in foot pain intensity after salt hydrotherapy among patients with gout arthritis in the working area of Karanganyar Community Health Center. A pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted involving 17 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale before the intervention and after three intervention sessions within one week. The median pain score decreased from 6.00 (IQR 2; range 4–8) before the intervention to 3.00 (IQR 2; range 2–4) after the intervention. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a statistically significant difference (Z = -3.671; p &lt; 0.001), with a large effect size (r = 0.89). These findings indicate that salt hydrotherapy was associated with a reduction in foot pain intensity, with a shift in pain category from moderate to mild in the study sample. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously because the study involved a small sample and no control group.</p> Aprida Dian Kartikasari Zulfa Mahdiatur Rasyida Copyright (c) 2026 Aprida Dian Kartikasari, Zulfa Mahdiatur Rasyida,S.Kep.,Ns.,M.Kep https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2026-06-01 2026-06-01 7 3 55–160 55–160 10.47679/makein.2026321 https://ukinstitute.org/journals/1/makein/article/view/326 <p>Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are growing public-health challenges with long-term consequences for noncommunicable disease burden. This study primarily aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among Indonesian school-aged children and adolescents; secondarily, we examined temporal trends and estimated number of cases through 2050. We conducted a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies up to 10 September 2025. Pooled estimates used random-effects models with heterogeneity assessed by I². Publication bias was explored and adjusted using trim-and-fill when indicated. Subgroup analyses included sex, school level, and period. Temporal trends were modelled with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and projected to 2050 using national demographic data. A total of 152 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was 18.13% (95% CI: 15.02–21.71%); obesity alone 7.49% (95% CI: 5.89–9.47%); overweight alone 11% (95% CI: 10–13%). Substantial between-study heterogeneity (I² = 77.5–99.9%) was observed. Higher prevalence was found in boys and primary-school children. ARIMA projections indicate an increase in combined prevalence to 23.02% by 2050. About one in five Indonesian children and adolescents are affected by overweight or obesity with projected increases, highlighting the urgent need for targeted, multisectoral prevention strategies, especially at primary-school age, to curb future noncommunicable-disease burden. However, given the high between-study heterogeneity consistently observed across all categories, these estimates and projections should be interpreted cautiously as indicative rather than definitive figures.</p> Azza Fithra Alhanifa Tresna Ananda Dewi Purbasari Putu Cintya Denny Yuliyatni Copyright (c) 2026 Azza Fithra Alhanifa, Tresna Ananda Dewi Purbasari, dr. Putu Cintya Denny Yuliyatni, S.Ked., MPH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2026-05-22 2026-05-22 7 3 131–154 131–154 10.47679/makein.2026326