Policy and Planning for Regional Development in the North Coast of Central Java: A Review

: Indonesia's coastal areas have abundant natural resources that need to be preserved in a planned manner. The implementation of development in a region has a different portion that causes an imbalance of economic activities in the region where the concentration of population in the coastal area has a diversity of service facilities and services. Coastal communities, especially those who work as fishermen, are closely related to poverty which is related to complex problems, where the cause is inequality of access and resources. The purpose of this research is to analyze the development of the region and the perceptions of relevant stakeholders so that it can be expected to formulate directions for the development of coastal areas in poverty reduction. The method used is a scalogram analysis to see the level of development of an area based on the completeness of infrastructure. The results of the analysis show that area IV (Karimunjawa Sub-district) is a priority area for coastal development. This is because the availability of infrastructure is a top priority in planning the development of an area. Poverty alleviation in coastal areas is carried out by community empowerment methods based on the potential of community character by changing the mindset in finding work so that it can generate sustainable income.


INTRODUCTION
The Indonesian archipelago is a country with extensive beaches, making it one of the countries with the longest coastline in the world (Phelan et al., 2020).Indonesia's coastal areas have abundant natural resources that need to be preserved in a planned manner (Ekosafitri et al., 2017).The conservation of these resources needs to be done in a balanced and responsible manner while still considering environmental aspects that have an impact on the welfare of the community (Salakory & Rakuasa, 2022).Optimal regional planning and structuring in a region requires a national and local government policy strategy so that market mechanism activities do not harm the environment and the poor.The policy can be in the form of developing socio-economic activities that are in line with existing infrastructure conditions, regional potential and other carrying capacity (Pertuack et al., 2023).
An area can be interpreted as core and plasma in the concept of nodal areas (Rakuasa & Pakniany, 2022).The core is a center of activity where there is a concentration of labor, the location of industry and services and the market for raw materials, while the plasma is a supporting area (hinterland) that functions as a supplier of labor in the core area, a supplier of raw materials and a market for industry and services (Ekosafitri et al., 2017).In addition, the main subjects in the development of an area are the local government, the community and other stakeholders.However, this is inseparable from the role of the central government by carrying out various approaches and regulations so as to optimize the income of every layer of society (Naping et al., 2019) Coastal areas have very high potential in terms of development, but planning requires serious attention so that the damage that occurs later can be minimized.The implementation of development in an area has a different portion which causes an imbalance of economic activities in the region where the concentration of population in the coastal area has a diversity of service facilities and services (Arief & Pradini, 2019).In addition, in coastal areas there is a shift in the economic activities of people who previously worked in the primary sector such as fisheries (fishermen) turning into tour guides by utilizing boats to catch the fish (Fanni et al., 2014;Yapanto et al., 2021).
Coastal communities, especially those who work as fishermen, are closely related to poverty which is related to complex problems, where the cause is inequality of access and resources.The fishermen who are mostly laborers or small fishermen only get a small profit while the big economic benefits are enjoyed by the juragan (Sofianto, 2017;Gao & Cai, 2017) .In addition, the gap in the use of more sophisticated fishing technology also causes a decrease in income in the fishing community.Large and more modern boats will get more catches than small fishing boats (Naping et al., 2019).With this imbalance, there is a need for direction in the form of policies and planning for the development of coastal areas.Based on this, this study aims to analyze the development of the region and the perceptions of relevant stakeholders so that it can be expected to formulate directions for the development of coastal areas in poverty reduction.

METHODS
The location of this research is in the East Coast Coastal Area of Central Java which consists of several regions, namely Pemalang Regency, Pati Regency, and Jepara Regency.The power used in this research is in the form of primary data and secondary data.Primary data is in the form of questionnaires given to stakeholders regarding the development of coastal areas in Jepara Regency.In addition, primary data used for Pati Regency and Pemalang Regency were in the form of questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents taken in 2-3 villages.Meanwhile, secondary data used in the form of regulations, as well as literature reviews related to coastal communities.In addition, secondary data used for Jepara Regency was in the form of PODES data for Jepara Regency in 2014.
The data analysis techniques used were domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural theme analysis for Pemalang and Pati districts.Meanwhile, Jepara Regency used scalogram analysis to see the level of development of an area based on the completeness of infrastructure.To assess stakeholder perceptions of regional development, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis was used.The variables used were the distance from the village to the subdistrict capital, the distance between the sub-district center and the district capital, population data for each sub-district, and infrastructure facilities such as schools, religious facilities, health facilities, economic facilities, and fisheries infrastructure.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Regional Development of Jepara Regency
Based on the results of data analysis, the sub-district development index (IPK) ranges from 31.80 -85.65.Subdistricts that have a high and medium level of regional development are located in coastal sub-districts due to the large number of people who live there so that more service facilities are needed.In addition, this coastal area is also the center of economic activity in the marine and fisheries sector and tourism.Jepara Sub-district, which is the capital of Jepara Regency, has the most complete infrastructure facilities such as education, economy, transportation, government offices, and supporting fisheries activities.The following is a map of the sub-district hierarchy in Jepara Regency in Figure 2. Based on the sub-district hierarchy map in Jepara Regency, it can be seen that the sub-district hierarchy that Nusantara Journal of Behavioral and Social Science, 2(2), 2023, -47 UKInstitute has the largest area is hierarchy III, which is spread from the north to the south of Jepara Regency.This is because the area is a hinterland area (back area) in Jepara Regency so that it has not become a priority in regional development planning.

Coastal Area Development Priorities
Priorities for the development of coastal areas in Jepara Regency based on the perceptions of stakeholders in the fisheries and marine sector place infrastructure facilities as the main criteria in developing coastal areas to encourage the development of other activities in the area.The following is a diagram of alternative coastal area development based on stakeholders in Figure 3.The activities that become alternative area development are fisheries and marine activities that focus on marine tourism (top priority) with a score of 0.297.The sub-districts that have developed marine tourism commercially are in Jepara District, Karimunjawa District, and Mlonggo District.To support the development of marine tourism, several supporting facilities are needed such as lodging, restaurants, and information centers for tourists.The sub-district that has the most complete facilities is in Jepara Sub-district because the tourist attractions in this area are well managed.Meanwhile, Karimunjawa Sub-district has also developed marine tourism in the form of beach tourism, culture, fishing and cruises managed by the local community.In addition, improvements have been made to road infrastructure, ports, and additional crossing boat hours in this sub-district.The following map presents the direction of the development of the coastal area of Jepara Regency which can be seen in Figure 4.
Based on the perception of stakeholders, area IV (Karimunjawa Sub-district) is a priority area for coastal development based on the scalogram analysis.This is because the sub-district has a high level of regional development, availability of infrastructure, and the development of marine tourism.
Poverty Reduction in the Coastal Areas of Kabupaten Pati and Kabupaten Pemalang Coastal communities are known as people who focus on jobs that make money quickly, so they work harder, but they also find it easier to spend the income they get, so they choose jobs that make money quickly (Yapanto et al., 2021).To make money quickly, fishermen in Pati Regency sell their catches directly to middlemen.Meanwhile, fishermen in Pemalang District sell home-made products in the form of food or side dishes, crab fishing, selling fresh fish, and the like.However, during the lean season, some people have difficulties in making money, forcing them to look for side jobs while farming, processing, and MSMEs while some are in debt.In addition to working as fishermen and ponds, some people also farm horticulture, both vegetables and fruits.However, there are several obstacles experienced, namely the selling price of the product is far from the production cost.
The income level of coastal communities tends to be influenced by the season.When it is not in season, the community's income tends to decrease by almost half.Regarding lifestyle, coastal communities tend to be wasteful/consumptive where they spend money more easily and do not think about allocations for savings.In Pemalang Regency, some communities have a high spirit to make money.The mental attitude of coastal communities is usually competitive, and they have an independent work ethic.
Based on the habits and mental attitudes of coastal communities, efforts to reduce poverty are inseparable from their cultural values and behavior so that efforts can be made through empowering their character values and lifestyle to increase productivity (Choirunnisa & Giyarsih, 2018).The empowerment efforts can be in the form of increasing the capacity of human resources, providing incentives, creating interest in entrepreneurship by providing understanding and entrepreneurial management skills properly, changing the mind from the soul of the worker to the soul of the entrepreneur so as to increase the ability of the community to increase their potential (Yapanto et al., 2021).Therefore, it is necessary to establish and strengthen cooperatives of Financial Institutions (MFIs) and savings and loans and assist in facilitating banking access.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Based on the perceptions of stakeholders, area IV (Karimunjawa Sub-district) is a priority area for coastal development based on the scalogram analysis.This is because the availability of infrastructure is a top priority in planning the development of an area.Karimunjawa subdistrict has a high level of regional development, infrastructure availability, and the development of marine tourism which is the main priority activity that needs to be developed.
Not only that, the success of government programs in developing the coastal areas of the north coast of Central Java must also be supported by the quality of existing human resources so that poverty reduction in coastal areas is necessary.The coastal area development policy also requires the involvement of stakeholders, both SKPD and other stakeholders and business actors in the coastal area by conducting coastal community empowerment programs.The community empowerment method must be based on the potential character of the community by changing the mindset in finding work so that it can generate sustainable income.This can be done by providing understanding and entrepreneurial management skills properly, changing thoughts from the soul of the worker to the soul of the entrepreneur so as to increase the ability of the community to increase their potential ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author's sincere thanks and highest appreciation goes to all those who have helped directly or indirectly in the context of publishing this paper, may god reward them all with double kindness, Ameen.