Socio-Psychological Predictors of Suicidal Ideation among Young Adults in Oyo State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined the socio-psychological predictors of suicidal ideation among young adults in Oyo state. Simple random sampling technique was employed in the selection of 288 young adults between 20 and 40 years. Participants responded to standardized self-report measures regarding bio-demographic data, emotional intelligence, self-esteem, social support, anxiety, depression, social economic status and suicidal ideation. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The result demonstrated that emotional intelligence, self-esteem, social support and socio-economic status had significant negative relationship with suicidal ideation. However, anxiety and depression had significant positive relationship with the criterion measure. The relationship between gender and the criterion measure was not significant. The independent variables accounted for 39.8% of the variance of suicidal ideation. On the basis of the findings, it is suggested that psychological interventions can be applied in reducing suicidal ideation.
References
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Arria, A. M., O'Grady, K. E., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., Wilcox, H. C., & Wish, E. D. (2009). Suicide ideation among college students: A multivariate analysis. Archives of Suicide Research, 13(3), 230-246.
Baertschi, M., Costanza, A., Canuto, A., & Weber, K. (2018). The function of personality in suicidal ideation from the perspective of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 636.
Baker, E. H. (2014). Socioeconomic status definition. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118410868.wbehibs395
Bentley, K. H., Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Kleiman, F. M., Fox, K. R., & Nock, M. K. (2016). Anxiety and its disorders as risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 46, 225-236.
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Bridge, J. A., Horowitz, L. M., Fontanella, C. A., Grupp-Phelan, J., & Campo, J. V. (2014). Prioritizing research to reduce youth suicide and suicidal behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(3), S229-S234.
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Cha, C. B., & Nock, M. K. (2009). Emotional intelligence is a protective factor for suicidal behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 422-430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181984f44
Cheung, A. H., & Dewa, C. S. (2006). Canadian community health survey: Major depressive disorder and suicidality in students. Health Care Policy, 2(2), 76–89.
Costello, E. J., Copeland, W., & Angold, A. (2011). Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: What changes when children become adolescents and when adolescents become adults? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(10), 1015-1025.
Daniel, S. S., Walsh, A. K., Goldston, D. B., Arnold, E. M., Reboussin, B. A., & Wood, F. B. (2006). Suicidality, school dropout, and reading problems among adolescents. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39(6), 507–514.
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Emler, N. (2001). Self-esteem: The costs and causes of low self-worth. Retrieved from https://www.yps-publishing.co.uk
Eskin, M., Voracek, M., Stieger, S., & Altinyazar, V. (2011). A cross-cultural investigation of suicidal behavior and attitudes in Austrian and Turkish medical students. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46(9), 813-823.
Estrada, C. A. M., Nonaka, D., Jr, E. R. G., Leynes, C. R., Castillo, R. T., Hernandez, P. M. R., & Kobayashi, J. (2019). Suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviors, and attitudes towards suicide of adolescents enrolled in the Alternative Learning System in Manila, Philippines — A mixed methods study. Tropical Medicine and Health, 6(47:22), 1–18.
Evans, E., Hawton, K., Rodham, K., & Deeks, J. (2005). The prevalence of suicidal phenomena in adolescents: A systematic review of population-based studies. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35(3), 239-250.
Fatriana, E., Purba, F. D., Salsabila, F. S., Danasasmita, A., Afriiandi, I., & Tarigan, R. (2002). Psychometric properties of the suicidal ideation scale in the Indonesian language. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health, 13, 1-9.
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Goncalves, A., Sequeira, C., Duarte, J., & Freitas, P. (2014). Suicide ideation in higher education students: Influence of social support. Aten Primaria, 46(1), 88-91.
Hallfors, D. D., Waller, M. W., Ford, C. A., Halpern, C. T., Brodish, P. H., & Iritani, B. (2004). Adolescent depression and suicide risk: Association with sex and drug behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27, 224–231.
Harris, T. L., & Molock, S. D. (2000). Cultural orientation, family cohesion, and family support in suicide ideation and depression among African American college students. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 30(4), 341–353.
Hawton, K., Casañas i Comabella, C., Haw, C., & Saunders, K. (2013). Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147(1), 17-28.
Hisken, L. J. (2011). The correlation between self-esteem and student reading ability, reading level, and academic achievement (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, Missouri.
Hooven, C., Snedker, K. A., & Thompson, E. (2012). Suicide risk at young adulthood: Continuities and discontinuities from adolescence. Youth & Society, 44, 524-547.
Joiner, T. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9. Journal of Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613.
Macías, I. F. S., & Camargo, Y. S. (2015). Factores asociados a ideación suicida em universitarios. Psychol Av Discip, 9(1), 71-81.
Mann, J. J., Apter, A., Bertolote, J., Beautrais, A., Currier, D., Haas, A., ... & Hendin, H. (2005). Suicide prevention strategies: A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294(16), 2064-2074.
Marion, M. S., & Range, L. M. (2003). African American college women’s suicide buffers. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 33(1), 33–43.
Mars, B., Heron, J., Klonsky, E. D., Moran, P., Connor, R. C. O., Tilling, K., & Gunnell, D. (2019). Predictors of future suicide attempt among adolescents with suicidal thoughts or non-suicidal self-harm: A population-based birth cohort study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(4), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30030-6
McGee, R., & Williams, S. (2000). Does low self-esteem predict health compromising behaviors among adolescents? Journal of Adolescence, 23, 569–582.
McGee, R., Williams, S., & Nada-Raja, S. (2001). Low self-esteem and hopelessness in childhood and suicidal ideation in early adulthood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(4), 281-291.
Medoff, L. R. (2007). Suicidal ideation and related factors in Native American students with and without learning disabilities (Doctoral dissertation). Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 67.9-13:5414.
Moayedi, F., Haji Alizadeh, K., Khakrah, K., Hosseini, S., & Theshnizi, R. (2014). Emotional intelligence in suicide committers. Life Science Journal, 11(2s), 65-68.
Motahar, A. A., & Rahgozar, S. (2011). Inhibitory role of emotional intelligence in committing suicide. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(11).
Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Cha, C. B., Kessler, R. C., & Lee, S. (2012). The epidemiology of suicide and suicidal behavior. In M. K. Nock, G. Borges, & Y. Ono (Eds.), Suicide: Global perspectives from the WHO World Mental Surveys (pp. 5-32). Cambridge University Press.
O’Connor, R. C. (2011). Towards an integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behavior. In International handbook of suicide prevention: Research, policy, and practice. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0268
Olubanke, A., & Taiwo, I. (2016). Depression and suicidal ideation among college students with and without learning disabilities in Nigeria. The European Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 16(2301–2218), 2084–2100.
Pandian, R. D., Sreeranjini, T., Aiman, A., John, S., Shishir, Prabhu, S. B., Bhat, S. U., & Cherian, A. V. (2017). A study on the prevalence of depression among young adults in South India. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 4(1).
Pérez, J. C., Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2005). Measuring trait emotional intelligence. In R. Schulze & R. D. Roberts (Eds.), International handbook of emotional intelligence. Cambridge: Hogrefe & Huber.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Santhanakrishnan, R. (2013). Article review on “Rational emotive behavior therapy and narrative therapy.” South American Journal of Health & Behavioural Science, 1(1).
Santos, H. G. B., Marcon, S. R., Espinosa, M. M., Baptista, M. N., & Paulo, P. M. C. (2017). Factors associated with suicidal ideation among university students. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 25, e2878.
Shaffer, D., & Waslick, B. (2002). Depression in children and adolescents. In D. Shaffer & B. D. Waslick (Eds.), The many faces of depression in children. American Psychiatric Publishing.
Schutt, R. K., Meschede, T., & Rierdan, J. (1994). Distress, suicidal thoughts, and social support among homeless adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35(2), 134–142.
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167–177.
Schwarzer, R., & Schulz, U. (2000). Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS). Retrieved from https://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~health/soc.htm
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Authors
Adeyemo, D. A., Olunloyo, B., & Agokei, S. P. (2024). Socio-Psychological Predictors of Suicidal Ideation among Young Adults in Oyo State, Nigeria. Nusantara Journal of Behavioral and Social Science, 3(3), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.47679/njbss.202457
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