Denda Damai: Hukuman Tanpa Pembuktian | Peace Fines: Punishment Without Proof
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47679/ib.20251130Keywords:
Denda Damai, Dominus Litis, HukumanAbstract
Abstrak. Pada prinsipnya dalam penegakan hukum, tidak seorangpun dapat dipidana tanpa adanya kesalahan yang telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap sebagaimnana keberlakuan asas praduga tak bersalah (presumption of innocence) dalam hukum acara pidana. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji denda damai termasuk sebagai hukuman dan dasar kewenangan Jaksa Agungmenjatuhkan denda damai. Metode penelitian yang diaplikasikan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Sejalan dengan konsep pidana denda, upaya optimalisasi penegakan hukum pidana yang berorientasi pada keadilan restoratif (restorative justice), melalui perubahan undang-undang kejaksaan terbaru, Jaksa Agung memiliki tugas dan wewenang menggunakan denda damai dalam tindak pidana ekonomi. Denda dami merupakan penghentian perkara di luar pengadilan dengan membayar denda yang disetujui oleh Jaksa Agung. Dengan demikian, denda damai merupakan hukuman finansial yang diberikan oleh kejaksaan terhadap seseorang yang telah melakukan tindak pidana ekonomi sebagai bentuk penerapan asas oportunitas yang dimiliki oleh Jaksa Agung. Jaksa memiliki kewenangan mutlak untuk menggunakan denda damai atas dasar prinsip Restorative Justice. Hal ini jika disandingkan dengan teori kewenangan, maka dapat dianalisis bahwa kewenangan jaksa agung dalam memberlakukan denda damai atas dasar keadilan restoratif merupakan bentuk kewenangan atribusi yakni kewenangan yang bersumber dari hukum positif atau peraturan perundang-undangan.
Abstract. In principle, within the enforcement of law, no individual may be subjected to criminal punishment without proven fault that has been legally and convincingly established by a court decision with permanent legal force, in accordance with the presumption of innocence principle in criminal procedural law. The aim of this research is to examine whether peace fines constitute a form of punishment and to explore the legal basis for the Attorney General’s authority to impose such fines. The research method applied is normative legal research, utilising both statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings of this study indicate that, in line with the concept of criminal fines, efforts to optimise the enforcement of criminal law oriented towards restorative justice, through recent amendments to the prosecution law, have vested the Attorney General with the duty and authority to apply peace fines in economic crimes. A peace fine is a means of terminating a case outside of court by paying a fine agreed upon by the Attorney General. Thus, a peace fine constitutes a financial sanction imposed by the prosecution on an individual who has committed an economic crime, as a form of application of the discretionary principle held by the Attorney General. The Attorney General possesses absolute authority to employ peace fines based on the principle of restorative justice. When juxtaposed with the theory of authority, it can be analysed that the Attorney General’s authority to implement peace fines on the grounds of restorative justice represents a form of attributional authority, namely authority derived from positive law or statutory regulations.
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