Pelayanan Publik dalam Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Warga Negara melalui Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47679/ib.2024805Keywords:
Pelayanan Publik, Jaminan Kesehatan, BPJS KesehatanAbstract
The manifestation of public services in health services is the establishment of the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS), but the concept and practice in the field are often contradictory. So this study aims to analyze the Concept and Practice of Public Services by BPJS Health. The writing method used is normative legal writing, using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results showed that BPJS Kesehatan as a health service institution was formed based on Law No. 24 of 2011 concerning BPJS and BPJS Kesehatan is obliged to have Public Service Standards. In practice, health services for patients with self-financing and insurance tend to be prioritized, while BPJS Health patients are always neglected. The factors causing the low quality of health services for BPJS Kesehatan patients are in terms of regulations, namely the absence of regulations related to standardization in the limitation of service quota provision. The law enforcement factor is due to the lack of maximum or optimal internal supervision functions from the Ministry of Health, Hospital Supervisory Board, and BPJS Health in ensuring that service restrictions do not occur in all Health Facilities. The facility factor, which is still inadequate and limited health workers and inadequate facilities provided such as limited rooms, medical equipment, and medicines—the community factor influences because in practice there are often bribes between some elements of the community.
Abstrak: Manifestasi pelayanan publik dalam pelayanan kesehatan yakni dibentuknya Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) akan tetapi antara konsep dan prakteknya di lapangan kerapkali bertolak belakang. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Konsep dan Praktek Pelayanan Publik oleh BPJS Kesehatan. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah penulisan hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa BPJS Kesehatan sebagai lembaga pelayanan kesehatan dibentuk atas dasar UU No. 24 Tahun 2011 tentang BPJS dan BPJS Kesehatan berkewajiban untuk memiliki Standar Pelayanan Publik (SPP). Dalam prakteknya pelayanan kesehatan pasien dengan pembiayaan sendiri dan asuransi cenderung lebih diutamakan, sementara pasien BPJS Kesehatan selalu dianaktirikan. Adapun faktor-faktor penyebab rendahnya kualitas pelayanan kesehatan bagi pasien BPJS Kesehatan yakni dari segi regulasi tidak adanya regulasi terkait dengan standarisasi dalam batasan pemberian kuota layanan. Dari faktor penegak hukum disebabkan kurang maksimal atau optimalnya fungsi pengawasan internal dari Kemenkes, Badan Pengawas Rumah Sakit dan BPJS Kesehatan dalam memastikan agar pembatasan layanan tidak terjadi di seluruh Fasilitas Kesehatan. Dari faktor sarana yakni masih kurang memadai dan terbatasnya tenaga kesehatan dan tidak memadainya fasilitas yang diberikan seperti terbatasnya ruangan, alat medis, dan obat-obatan. Faktor masyarakat mempengaruhi karena dalam praktiknya kerap kali terjadi sogok menyogok antara beberapa oknum masyarakat.
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