Faktor Predisposing, Enabling, dan Reinforcing dalam Pemberian ASI Eksklusif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47679/ib.2024872Keywords:
ASI Eksklusif, IMD, Predisposing, Enabling, ReinforcingAbstract
Pemberian ASI eksklusif didefinisikan dengan pemberian ASI saja pada bayi selama 6 bulan tanpa pemberian makanan tambahan, kecuali bayi dengan kondisi khusus yang membutuhkan pemberian larutan rehidrasi oral, vitamin, maupun obat-obatan oral. Capaian pemberian ASI eksklusif di dunia hanya 40% sedangkan target yang diharapkan 70%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi, mengkaji, dan menelaah berbagai faktor predisposing, enabling, dan reinforcing yang mempengaruhi pemberian ASI eksklusif. Literature review ini menggunakan artikel tahun 2018-2023. Literature ini dilakukan pada 12 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria. Hasilnya didapatkan faktor predisposing yang dapat mempengaruhi pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah pendidikan, usia, paritas, etnis, pengetahuan ibu, motivasi ibu, jumlah antenatalcare (ANC), Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD), serta pengalaman ibu. Faktor enabling yaitu; adanya konseling, pendapatan, pembatasan iklan susu formula, pemberian cuti melahirkan, serta pendapatan merupakan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Selain itu, faktor reinforcing yang dapat mempengaruhi pemberian ASI eksklusif diantaranya adalah adanya dukungan suami, dukungan orang tua/mertua, serta dukungan petugas kesehatan. Diharapkan masyarakat lebih meningkatkan kesadaran dalam mendukung ibu menyusui agar tetap memberikan ASI eksklusif.
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