Loneliness and its impact on the psychological well-being of Indonesian students abroad: A cross-cultural perspective

(1) Nisa Ashilah Mail (Faculty of Psychology, State University of Malang, Indonesia)
(2) * Dewi Fatmasari Edy Mail (Faculty of Psychology, State University of Malang, Indonesia)
*corresponding author

Abstract


The increase in the number of international students from Indonesia continues. Cultural and environmental differences between home countries and study destinations present significant challenges, one of which is loneliness, which is a common problem among students. Studies show that loneliness affects the mental and academic health of international students, including those from Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to examine the role of loneliness on psychological well-being and its six dimensions in Indonesian students studying abroad. This study used a quantitative correlational approach, with the research instruments being the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Psychological Wellbeing Scale. A total of 214 participants were selected through purposive sampling and analysed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results showed that the majority of participants had low levels of loneliness (79.4%) and high psychological well-being (69.2%). Furthermore, loneliness had a negative role on each dimension of psychological well-being and overall psychological well-being with a range of 0.232-0.518. Thus, it can be concluded that the lower the loneliness of university students, the higher their psychological well-being and conversely. The findings imply the need to increase students' awareness of psychological health and the active role of student organisations in facilitating self-adjustment and strengthening social relationships to maintain the psychological well-being of Indonesian students abroad.

Keywords


Abroad; Adaptation; Indonesian students; Loneliness; Psychological well-being

   

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47679/jopp.7311412025
      

Article metrics

Read: 1072 | Download: 642

   

Cite

   

Full Text

Download

References


Andrian, R., Azhari, T., Akmaliyah, N., & Trisnawati, I. K. (2020). Motivasi Dan Ekspektasi Para Pemburu Beasiswa Kuliah Ke Luar Negeri. Jurnal Dedikasi Pendidikan, 4(01), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.30601/dedikasi.v4i1.386

Azwar, S. (2018). Metode Penelitian Psikologi (2nd ed.). Pustaka Pelajar.

Bek, H. (2014). An Analysis On Loneliness Level Of Afghani University Students In Turkey In Respect Of Some Variables. Mevlana International Journal of Education, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.13054/mije.14.01.4.2

Bilecen, B., Diekmann, I., & Faist, T. (2024). Loneliness among Chinese international and local students in Germany: The role of student status, gender, and emotional support. European Journal of Higher Education, 14(3), 470–488. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2023.2215992

Cahyadi, M. D. (2019). Loneliness and Psychological Well-Being on International Students of the Darmasiswa Program Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Psychological Research and Intervention, 2(2), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.21831/pri.v2i2.30326

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications.

Disability, well-being and loneliness, UK - Office for National Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved 15 September 2024, from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/disability/bulletins/disabilitywellbeingandlonelinessuk/2019#age

Eva, N., Shanti, P., Hidayah, N., & Bisri, Moh. (2020). Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis Mahasiswa dengan Religiusitas sebagai Moderator. Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling, 5(3), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.17977/um001v5i32020p122

Girmay, M., & Singh, G. K. (2019). Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Mental and Emotional Well-being among International Students in the United States. International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health, 3(2), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.82

Govinda, P. S. A., & Hanami, Y. (2023). Pengalaman Intercultural Adjustment Mahasiswa Indonesia di Jepang. Jurnal Psikologi Islam dan Budaya, 6(1), 01–20. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpib.v6i1.23613

Halim, C. F., & Dariyo, A. (2016). Hubungan Psychological Well-Being dengan Loneliness pada Mahasiswa yang Merantau. Journal Psikogenesis, 4(2), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v4i2.344

Hayundaka, A. H., & Yuniardi, M. S. (2023). Pengaruh harga diri terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis dan kesepian pada Mahasiswa. Psychological Journal: Science and Practice, 3(2), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.22219/pjsp.v3i2.28365

Hudiyana, J., Lincoln, T. M., Hartanto, S., Shadiqi, M. A., Milla, M. N., Muluk, H., & Jaya, E. S. (2022). How Universal Is a Construct of Loneliness? Measurement Invariance of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in Indonesia, Germany, and the United States. Assessment, 29(8), 1795–1805. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911211034564

K. Bhagchandani, R. (2017). Effect of Loneliness on the Psychological Well-Being of College Students. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 7(1), 60–64. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijssh.2017.V7.796

Kristlyna, E., & Sudagijono, J. S. (2020). Perbedaan Intensitas Loneliness Pada Mahasiswa Indonesia Yang Melanjutkan Studi Di Luar Negeri Ditinjau Dari Tipe Kepribadian. Jurnal Experentia, 8(2), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.33508/exp.v8i2.2867

Mishra, B., Pradhan, J., & Dhaka, S. (2023). Identifying the impact of social isolation and loneliness on psychological well-being among the elderly in old-age homes of India: The mediating role of gender, marital status, and education. BMC Geriatrics, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04384-1

Nuraini, I., & Laksmiwati, H. (2024). Pengaruh Kesepian terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Mahasiswa. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 11(2), 954–965. https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v11n2.p954-965

Nurdiyanto, F. A., Harjanti, E. P., & Laban, R. W. (2023). Peranan kesepian sebagai moderator antara distres psikologis dengan kesejahteraan psikologis mahasiswa selama pandemi COVID-19. Persona:Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 11(2), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v11i2.6900

Pressman, S. D., Cohen, S., Miller, G. E., Barkin, A., Rabin, B. S., & Treanor, J. J. (2005). Loneliness, Social Network Size, and Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in College Freshmen. Health Psychology, 24(3), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.3.297

Rahman, F. F., Lin, K., & Hamka. (2020). The Psychological Well-Being of Newly-Arrived Indonesian Students in Taiwan. Journal of International Students, 10(S3), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10iS(2).2713

Rahmatullah, A. S. R., Azhar, M., & Marpuah, S. (2022). Indonesian Students’ Psychological Well-Being in Istanbul, Turkey. Journal An-Nafs: Kajian Penelitian Psikologi, 7(2), 269–282. https://doi.org/10.33367/psi.v7i2.2859

Russell, D. W. (1982). The measurement of loneliness. In Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy (pp. 81–104). Wiley.

Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141–166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of PsychologicalWell-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological Weil-Being: Meaning, Measurement, and Implications for Psychotherapy Research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289026

Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2006). Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Social Science Research, 35(4), 1103–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.01.002

Selian, S. N., Rosli, N. A., & Hutagalung, F. D. (2020). Factors Affecting Psychological Well Being Among Postgraduate Students Under Indonesian Ministry of Education Scholarship. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 8(2), 44–58. https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol8no2.4

Susanti, S. S., & Supradaniati, S. S. (2018). Psychological Well-Being Among Indonesian Students Studying Abroad. Idea Nursing Journal, 9(2), 50–54. https://doi.org/10.52199/inj.v9i2.14028

Taylor, S. E., Peplau, L. A., & Sears, D. O. (2006). Social Psychology. Pearson Prectice Hall.

Tranggono, A., Florentina, T., & Aditya, A. M. (2022). Kesejahteraan Psikologis terhadap Kesepian pada Mahasiswa Rantau. Andi Muhammad Aditya, 2(2), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.56326/jpk.v2i2.1958

UNESCO. (2022). Other policy relevant indicators: Outbound internationally mobile students by host region. https://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=3807

Wawera, A.-S., & McCamley, A. (2020). Loneliness among international students in the UK. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(9), 1262–1274. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2019.1673326

Wijaya, A., & Rossalia, N. (2024). Gambaran Psychological Well-Being Pada Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama Asal Indonesia yang Berkuliah Jenjang Sarjana di Belanda. MANASA, 12(2), 12–31. https://doi.org/10.25170/manasa.v12i2.4159

Winarsunu, T. (2017). Statistik Dalam Penelitian Psikologis Dan Pendidikan. UMM Press


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Nisa Ashilah, Dewi Fatmasari Edy

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
All publications by the Utan Kayu Publishing [e-ISSN: 2715-4807, p-ISSN: 2715-4785] is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.