Frontlines of Fear and Healing: COVID-19 Community Quarantine Narratives of Filipino Community Health Workers

(1) * Mark Yvanne Alcantara Mendres Mail (Department of Human and Family Development Studies, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines)
(2) Inero Valbuena Ancho Mail (Department of Human and Family Development Studies, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines)
(3) Marison Felicidad Ranit Dy Mail (Department of Human and Family Development Studies, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines)
(4) Helga Payawal Vergara Mail (Department of Human and Family Development Studies, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines)
*corresponding author

Abstract


Although Filipino community health workers (CHWs) played a critical role during the COVID-19 community quarantine, many of them carried physical and psychological burdens. While various studies have indicated the negative experiences of healthcare workers during a health crisis, limited studies have explored the fear-related experiences of Filipino CHWs and their coping strategies to navigate these emotional challenges. Through a phenomenological study, this research gathered the narratives of seven female CHWs, including five Barangay Health Workers, one Municipal Midwife, and one Municipal Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit officer, assigned to three different barangays in Bay, Laguna. A semi-structured interview allowed the participants to share their fear and healing experiences during community quarantine. The results revealed that Filipino CHWs endured fear and anxiety about their health, as well as the well-being of their family members and the vulnerable population. Hence, they distanced themselves from their families by living in the workplace during the quarantine period. Despite these fear-related experiences, the families of the participants remained supportive, standing by their side even as they maintained distance. Coworkers also acted as a second family, offering emotional and practical support. These meaningful relationships helped them endure the challenges of the pandemic and continue their service to the community. These findings called on policymakers to empower the healthcare sector by not only prioritizing the physical well-being of CHWs but also their psychological welfare. Furthermore, support groups and health professionals may consider the role of family members in addressing the mental health challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.


Keywords


Community Health Workers; Coping Strategies; COVID-19; Family Distancing; Fear; Healing; Philippines

   

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47679/jopp.7311742025
      

Article metrics

Read: 778 | Download: 304

   

Cite

   

Full Text

Download

References


Abdelfattah, F., Rababah, A., Alqaryouti, I., Alsartawi, Z., Khlaifat, D., & Awamleh, A. (2021). Exploring feelings of worry and sources of stress during COVID-19 pandemic among parents of children with disability: A sample from Arab countries. Education Sciences, 11(5), 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050216

Adigun, D. A. (2020, July 9). COVID-19 disease in children is usually mild, fatalities rare. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/covid-19-diseasechildren-mild-fatalities-rare-uk/story?id=71462424

Agbing, L. U., Agapito, J. D., Baradi, A. M. A., Bernadette C. Guzman, M., Ligon, C. M., & Lozano, A. T. (2022). COVID-19: In the eyes of a Filipino child. Illness, Crisis & Loss, 30(3), 427-446. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054137320966846

Arada, M. C. G., Irineo, R. M. L., Jacob, J. P. C., Tan, H. R., Togon, A. L. D. C., Torregoza, D. P. M., & Tucay, N. R. A. A. (2021). The effects of extended enhanced community quarantine on the mental and physical health of medical technologists working in laboratories testing for COVID‑19 patients in the National Capital Region, Philippines. International Journal of Progressive Research in Science and Engineering, 2(8), 561–587. https://journal.ijprse.com/index.php/ijprse/article/view/403

Ballard, M., Bancroft, E., Nesbit, J., Johnson, A., Holeman, I., Foth, J., ... & Palazuelos, D. (2020). Prioritising the role of community health workers in the COVID-19 response. BMJ Global Health, 5(6), e002550. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002550

Bangalan, S. G. (2023). Mental health and protective strategies among community-based health workers in region 3, Philippines during COVID-19 pandemic. Behavioral Medicine, 49(4), 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2022.2069666

Buenaventura, R. D., Ho, J. B., & Lapid, M. I. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health of older adults in the Philippines: A perspective from a developing country. International Psychogeriatrics, 32(10), 1129-1133. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610220000757

Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurological Research and Practice, 2(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z

Carascal, M. B., Capistrano, P. E., Figueras, M. D., Cataylo, O. L. A. C., Zuñiga, S. M. S., Reyes, M. E. S., ... & Macalipay, S. L. B. (2022). Experiences of COVID-19-recovered healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines: A mixed-method inquiry. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 59. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221107051

Cleofas, J. V. (2021). Life interruptions, learnings and hopes among Filipino college students during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 26(6), 552-560. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1846443

Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310

Courtenay, K., & Perera, B. (2020). COVID-19 and people with intellectual disability: Impacts of a pandemic. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 37(3), 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.45

De los Santos, J. A. A., & Labrague, L. J. (2021). The impact of fear of COVID-19 on job stress, and turnover intentions of frontline nurses in the community: A cross-sectional study in the Philippines. Traumatology, 27(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000294

Dodd, W., Brubacher, L. J., Kipp, A., Wyngaarden, S., Haldane, V., Ferrolino, H., ... & Wei, X. (2022). Navigating fear and care: The lived experiences of community-based health actors in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Science & Medicine, 308, 115222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115222

Du, J., Dong, L. U., Wang, T., Yuan, C., Fu, R., Zhang, L., ... & Li, X. (2020). Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. General Hospital Psychiatry, 67, 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.011

Ehrlich, H., McKenney, M., & Elkbuli, A. (2020). Protecting our healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 38(7), 1527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.024

Fang, X. H., Wu, L., Lu, L. S., Kan, X. H., Wang, H., Xiong, Y. J., ... & Wu, G. C. (2021). Mental health problems and social supports in the COVID-19 healthcare workers: A Chinese explanatory study. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02998-y

Garg, S. (2020). Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019—COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1–30, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e3

Girdhar, R., Srivastava, V., & Sethi, S. (2020). Managing mental health issues among elderly during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Geriatric Care and Research, 7(1), 32-35. https://pu.edu.pk/MHH-COVID-19/Articles/Article22.pdf

Goldfarb, N., Grinstein‐Cohen, O., Shamian, J., Schwartz, D., Zilber, R., Hazan‐Hazoref, R., ... & Cohen, O. (2021). Nurses’ perceptions of the role of health organisations in building professional commitment: Insights from an Israeli cross‐sectional study during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(5), 1102-1110. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13248

Goodwin, R., Hou, W. K., Sun, S., & Ben‑Ezra, M. (2020). Quarantine, distress and interpersonal relationships during COVID‑19. General Psychiatry, 33(6), e100385. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100385

Guan, W. J., Ni, Z. Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W. H., Ou, C. Q., He, J. X., ... & Zhong, N. S. (2020). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1708-1720. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032

Guo, Y. R., Cao, Q. D., Hong, Z. S., Tan, Y. Y., Chen, S. D., Jin, H. J., ... & Yan, Y. (2020). The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak–an update on the status. Military Medical Research, 7, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0

Hamilton, A. B., & Finley, E. P. (2019). Qualitative methods in implementation research: An introduction. Psychiatry Research, 280, 112516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112516

Ishikawa, R. Z. (2020). I may never see the ocean again: Loss and grief among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S85. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000695

Jeon, S., Lee, D., & Weems, C. F. (2023). COVID-19 and family distancing efforts: Contextual demographic and family conflict correlates. Journal of Family Issues, 44(6), 1662-1695. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211055123

Karakose, T., & Malkoc, N. (2021). Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical doctors in Turkey. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 49(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.9890

Klop, H. T., Nasori, M., Klinge, T. W., Hoopman, R., de Vos, M. A., du Perron, C., ... & Pasman, H. R. W. (2021). Family support on intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative evaluation study into experiences of relatives. BMC Health Services Research, 21, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07095-8

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.

Lima, C. K. T., de Medeiros Carvalho, P. M., Lima, I. D. A. A. S., de Oliveira Nunes, J. V. A., Saraiva, J. S., de Souza, R. I., ... & Neto, M. L. R. (2020). The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Research, 287, 112915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915

Luttik, M. L. A., Mahrer-Imhof, R., García-Vivar, C., Brødsgaard, A., Dieperink, K. B., Imhof, L., ... & Konradsen, H. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: A family affair. Journal of Family Nursing, 26(2), 87-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840720920883

Mariani, R., Renzi, A., Di Trani, M., Trabucchi, G., Danskin, K., & Tambelli, R. (2020). The impact of coping strategies and perceived family support on depressive and anxious symptomatology during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) lockdown. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 587724. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.587724

Martinez, A. B., Co, M., Lau, J., & Brown, J. S. (2020). Filipino help-seeking for mental health problems and associated barriers and facilitators: A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55, 1397-1413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01937-2

Mishra, B. K., Kanungo, S., Patel, K., Swain, S., Dwivedy, S., Panda, S., ... & Pati, S. (2022). Resolution of resilience: Empirical findings on the challenges faced and the mitigation strategies adopted by Community Health Workers (CHWs) to provide Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of Odisha, India. Healthcare, 10(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010088

Mo, Y., Deng, L., Zhang, L., Lang, Q., Liao, C., Wang, N., ... & Huang, H. (2020). Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(5), 1002-1009. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014

Morrow, R., Rodriguez, A., & King, N. (2015). Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method. The Psychologist, 28(8), 643-644. https://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/26984/1/Morrow_et_al.pdf

Nikolich-Zugich, J., Knox, K. S., Rios, C. T., Natt, B., Bhattacharya, D., & Fain, M. J. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: What we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes. Geroscience, 42, 505-514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00186-0

Ocampo, J. M. F., Santos, R. A. N., Sevilleja, J. E. A., & Gloria, C. T. (2024). The COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines: A scoping review. Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health, 11, e27. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2024.14

Olateju, Z., Olufunlayo, T., MacArthur, C., Leung, C., & Taylor, B. (2022). Community health workers experiences and perceptions of working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria—A qualitative study. PLOS One, 17(3), e0265092. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265092

Rana, W., Mukhtar, S., & Mukhtar, S. (2020). Mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102080

Renjith, V., Yesodharan, R., Noronha, J. A., Ladd, E., & George, A. (2021). Qualitative methods in health care research. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 12(1), 20. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8106287/pdf/IJPVM-12-20.pdf

Sadang, J. M. (2021). The lived experience of Filipino nurses' work in COVID-19 quarantine facilities: A descriptive phenomenological study. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 25(1).

Saltzman, L. Y., Hansel, T. C., & Bordnick, P. S. (2020). Loneliness, isolation, and social support factors in post-COVID-19 mental health. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S55–S57. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000703

Shamblaw, A. L., Rumas, R. L., & Best, M. W. (2021). Coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: Relations with mental health and quality of life. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 62(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000263

Sun, N., Wei, L., Wang, H., Wang, X., Gao, M., Hu, X., & Shi, S. (2021). Qualitative study of the psychological experience of COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. Journal of Affective Disorders, 278, 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.040

Testoni, I., Azzola, C., Tribbia, N., Biancalani, G., Iacona, E., Orkibi, H., & Azoulay, B. (2021). The COVID-19 disappeared: From traumatic to ambiguous loss and the role of the internet for the bereaved in Italy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 620583. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.620583

Vasthare, R., Lim YR, A., Bagga, A., Nayak, P. P., Bhat, B., & S, S. (2024). The phenomenological approach in dentistry—a narrative review. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 19(1), 2341450. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2024.2341450

Verity, R., Okell, L. C., Dorigatti, I., Winskill, P., Whittaker, C., Imai, N., ... & Ferguson, N. M. (2020). Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: A model-based analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(6), 669-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7

Williams, B. (2020, March 17). Mental health concerns arise amid COVID-19 epidemic. Psychiatry Advisor. https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/home/topics/general-psychiatry/mental-health-concerns-arise-amid-covid-19-epidemic/

Zhang, Y., & Ma, Z. F. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072381

Zhou, P., Yang, X. L., Wang, X. G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., ... & Shi, Z. L. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579(7798), 270-273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7

Zu, Z. Y., Jiang, M. D., Xu, P. P., Chen, W., Ni, Q. Q., Lu, G. M., & Zhang, L. J. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A perspective from China. Radiology, 296(2), E15-E25. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200490


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Mark Yvanne Alcantara Mendres, Inero Valbuena Ancho, Marison Felicidad Ranit Dy, Helga Payawal Vergara

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
All publications by the Utan Kayu Publishing [e-ISSN: 2715-4807, p-ISSN: 2715-4785] is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.