From Access to Quality: Evaluation of Inclusive Education Programs through CIPP Model-Based Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47679/jopp.8214562026Keywords:
Inclusive Education, Program Evaluation, CIPP Model, Education Quality, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Inclusive education aims to provide equal learning opportunities for all students, including students with special needs, within the same educational environment. Although inclusive education policies in Indonesia have expanded access to schooling, the quality of program implementation remains uneven across schools. This study aims to analyze the quality of inclusive education programs using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation framework. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in January 2026 through Google Scholar using the keywords “inclusive education”, “program evaluation”, and “CIPP model”. The inclusion criteria covered journal articles published between 2020 and 2025 in Indonesian and English that discussed the evaluation of inclusive education programs. Five articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed through thematic coding based on the CIPP components. The findings show that inclusive education policies have generally been implemented in schools, but their application in classroom practice is still inconsistent. The main challenges identified across studies include limited teacher competence, shortages of special assistant teachers, inadequate adaptive learning facilities, and assessment systems that have not fully accommodated diverse learning needs. Several studies also reported positive impacts on students’ social participation and self-confidence. This review indicates that improving the quality of inclusive education requires stronger teacher preparation, adaptive learning strategies, collaborative support systems, and responsive evaluation practices.
References
Ainscow, M., & Miles, S. (2009). Developing inclusive education systems : how can we move policies forward ? American Educational Research Journal, 1–9. http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/COPs/News_documents/2009/0807Beirut/DevelopingInclusive_Education_Systems.pdf
Al-Azawei, A., Serenelli, F., & Lundqvist, K. (2016). Universal design for learning (UDL): A content analysis of peer-reviewed journal papers. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 16(3), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v16i3.19295
Asrianti, T. K., & Hilmiati. (2025).. Implementasi Pendidikan Inklusif bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di SDN 1 Denggen Kelurahan Denggen Kecamatan Selong Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusi Citra Bakti, 3(2), 210–220. https://doi.org/10.38048/jpicb.v3i2.5804
Barton, L. (1997). Inclusive education: romantic, subversive or realistic? International Journal of Inclusive Education, 1(3), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360311970010301
Dewi, W. P., Sudadio, S., & Anriani, N. (2024). Pembelajaran pendidikan inklusif pada sekolah penyelanggara pendidikan inklusif. Journal on Education, 6(2), 11410–11419.
Ernawati, Rasyid, M. N. A., & Mania, S. (2025). Evaluasi Model CIPP Pada Program Pendidikan Inklusif di SD. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 5(2), 509–522. https://doi.org/10.51878/learning.v5i2.4869
Fikriatunnisa, Hapsari, M. A., Yusman, Z. C., & Meilana, S. F. (2025). Implementasi Kebijakan Pendidikan Inklusif Di Sekolah Dasar : Tantangan Dan Solusi. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i01.21994
Florian, L., & Spratt, J. (2013). Enacting inclusion: a framework for interrogating inclusive practice. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 28(2), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2013.778111
Hasibuan, H. Y., Anriani, N., Santosa, C. A. H. F., & Syamsuri. (2023). Penggunaan Model CIPP dalam Melakukan Evaluasi Program Pendidikan Inklusif Pembelajaran Matematika SMP. Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 1050–1062. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v12i1.6658
Hidayat, A. D. W., Akbar, M. A., Azib, M., Zakiyah, H. Q., Ramadhani, R. S., & Asitah, N. (2025). Kompetensi Guru dalam Pendidikan Inklusi di Sekolah Dasar: Kajian Literatur Sistematis. Nusantara Educational Review, 3(1), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.55732/ner.v3i1.1597
Hornby, G. (2014). Inclusive Special Education: The Need for a New Theory BT - Inclusive Special Education: Evidence-Based Practices for Children with Special Needs and Disabilities (G. Hornby (ed.); pp. 1–18). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1483-8_1
Indonesia, K. P. (2009). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 70 Tahun 2009 tentang Pendidikan Inklusif.
Isyatirradhiyah, I., Afandi, A., Marlina, R., & Agustina, L. K. (2025). Strategies, approaches, and best practices of inclusive education in regular schools: Systematic literature review. Research and Development in Education (RaDEn), 5(1), 243–258. https://doi.org/10.22219/raden.v5i1.38046
Judijanto, L., Caroline, C., Dzihab, M., Stit, A. S., & Lampung, T. (2025). Strategi Pendidikan Inklusif: Studi Literatur tentang Upaya Mengatasi Kesenjangan Pendidikan di Berbagai Negara. Jurnal Ilmiah Edukatif, 11, 10–25. https://doi.org/10.37567/jie.v11i1.3521
Khasyia, D. S., Fikri, M., Ramdhani, A., Qodari, M. A., Azzahra, N., Nessa, N. R. Z., Yustiyati, S., Zanah, R., Lailapuspa, H., Yustiyati, S., & Lestari, T. (2024). Evaluasi Program Pendidikan Inklusif dengan Menggunakan CIPP Model. International Journal of Islamic Studies (AIJIS), 2(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.38073/aijis.v2i1.2140
Komarudin, K., & Kaeni, N. F. (2023). The Obstacles of Inclusive Education Implementation in Indonesia ( A Systematic Review Approach ). Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Psikologi, Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 12(3), 382–401. https://doi.org/10.24127/gdn.v12i3.6537
Meka, M., Dhoka, F., Poang, F., Dhey, K. A., & Lajo, M. Y. (2023). Strategi Pembelajaran untuk Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Dasar Inklusif. Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusi Citra Bakti, 1, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.38048/jpicb.v3i1.4841
Munir, I. M. (2025). Dinamika Kebijakan Pendidikan Inklusif di Indonesia : Analisis Bibliometrik Literatur. Khazanah Akademia, 26–35. https://doi.org/10.52434/jurnalkhazanahakademia.v9i01.465
Muslimah, R., Darmayanti, M., & Hendriani, A. (2024). Implementation of Inclusive Education in Primary Schools : A Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusi, 8(2), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.26740/inklusi.v8n2.p130-142
Nurita, D., Amanda, N., Fadhil, N., & Hijriati, H. (2025). Dampak Pendidikan Inklusif Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Dan Akademik Anak Tunarungu. Buana Pendidikan: Jurnal Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 14(26), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.54180/joeces.v5i1.559
Qomariah, N. H., Malik, L. R., & Syakiro, I. (2025). Strategi Penyesuaian Kurikulum Inklusi melalui Pendekatan Fleksibel dan Adaptif. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Indonesia (JPPI), 5(4), 1890–1899. https://doi.org/10.53299/jppi.v5i4.2605
Rani, M. S., & Zulpiani, M. (2025). Implementasi Pendidikan Inklusi Di Sekolah Dasar: Tinjauan Literatur Jurnal Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Profesional, 1(2), 71–83. https://glonus.org/index.php/jpp/article/view/305
RI, U. (2003). Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.
Sani, M. A., Khilmiyah, A., & Lessy, Z. (2024). Evaluasi Manajemen Pendidikan pada Sekolah Dasar Inklusi. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 210–219. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v6i1.5771
Suharjo, & Zakir, S. (2021). Evaluasi Program Pendidikan Inklusif Di Sekolah Dasar Menggunakan Model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Sultra Educational Journal (Seduj), 1(3). https://doi.org/10.54297/seduj.v1i3.201
Tri, N., Deskia, M., Lestari, D., Syamsiah, D. N., Wicitra, N. K., Irdillah, S., Koswara, Z. A., Mariannisa, Z. S. I. P., & Lestari, T. (2024). Evaluasi Program Pendidikan Inklusif di Sekolah Dasar Cinunuk 01 Menggunakan Model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 4(2), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.47498/ihtirafiah.v4i2.4100
Unesco. (2021). Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. UNESCO Publishing.
Wulandari, R. S., & Hendriani, W. (2021). Kompetensi pedagogik guru sekolah inklusi di Indonesia (Suatu pendekatan systematic review). Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran, Dan Pembelajaran, 7(1), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v7i1.3152
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mar'atul Hidayah Izzatul Islami, Evita Yuliatul Wahidah, Anita Aisyah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Policy
Journal of Psychological Perspective (JOPP) is committed to promoting academic freedom and open access. To that end, we apply a copyright policy that empowers authors while ensuring the broad dissemination and responsible reuse of published work.
- Authors retain the full copyright of their published manuscripts.
- By publishing in JOPP, authors grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- This license permits others to:
- Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format),
- Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially),
- As long as appropriate credit is given, a link to the license is provided, and derivative works are distributed under the same license.
- Authors may:
- Deposit and share the published version of their work in institutional repositories or personal websites.
- Enter into separate, non-exclusive distribution agreements, provided that original publication in JOPP is properly cited.
Licensing and Copyright for Data Publication
To promote transparency, reproducibility, and ethical integrity in research, Journal of Psychological Perspective adopts the following policies regarding the publication of research data:
- Copyright Ownership: Authors retain copyright over the datasets they submit or make available in connection with their articles.
- Default License: All data associated with a published manuscript must be shared under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), unless otherwise agreed upon with the editor.
- Permitted Use: This license allows others to use, modify, and distribute the dataset (including for commercial purposes), provided that attribution is given to the original authors and that derivative works are shared under the same terms.
- Repository: Authors are strongly encouraged to deposit copies of their accepted manuscripts in institutional repositories or subject-specific archives. (e.g., OSF, Zenodo, Figshare) and include citations and links to the datasets in the article.
- Ethical and Legal Responsibility: Authors must ensure:
- The data shared do not breach confidentiality, privacy, or legal agreements.
- Informed consent has been obtained where necessary.
- Data have been properly anonymized where applicable.
- Alternate Licenses: In exceptional cases, alternative data licenses (e.g., CC0, Open Data Commons) may be considered upon editorial approval. A written justification must be submitted and published alongside the article.
- Corrections or Retractions: If issues related to published data arise (e.g., ethical breaches, significant errors), JOPP reserves the right to take corrective action in accordance with the COPE Retraction Guidelines. Please read our policy about retraction of articles

Submit Online


